Kidney Disease
Alternative Treatments
What is Kidney Disease?
This condition could be any from a large group of conditions which include infections, inflammatory conditions, obstruction, circulatory and cancerous disorders affecting the kidneys.
Main Symptoms of Kidney Disease:
Bloody urine, persistent protein in urine, pus in urine, edema, difficult urination, and low back pain.
Common Diseases of the Kidney
Diabetes, lupus, hypertension, liver disease, brights disease, glomerulonephritis
Dietary Changes for Kidney Disease
Eat More:
Raw foods, garlic, potatoes, asparagus, parsley, watercress, celery, cucumbers, papaya, bananas, watermelon, pumpkin, sprouts, legumes, seeds, soybeans, spirulina, acidophilus, Lecithin
Eat Less:
Potassium, phosphates, beet greens, meat, spinach, rhubarb, swiss chard
Do Not Eat:
Chocolate, cocoa, eggs, dairy
Drink clean water (6-8 glass’s per day), eat smaller portions of meat, do small mild cleanses
Alternative Treatments for Kidney Disease
Nutrients for Kidney Disease
Calcium – helps body use all minerals in synergy
Magnesium – see calcium
L – Arginine – aids kidneys
L-Methionine – helps circulation within kidneys
Multi-enzyme complex – aids digestion
Potassium – stimulates kidney function
Vitamins for Kidney Disease
Vitamin A – helps healing process of urinary tract lining
Vitamin B complex – helps fluid metabolism
Vitamin C – boosts immunity and elevates urine acidity
Vitamin E – elevates immune system
Zinc – immunostimulant
Herbs for Kidney Disease
Buchu Tea
Dandelion Root (pu gong ying) – aids kidney excretion function of waste
Cranberry – acidifies urine and kills bacteria
Celery and Parsley – diuretic (decreases uric acid)
Hydrangea – natural diuretic – cleanses urinary tract
Uva Ursi – natural diuretic – cleanses urinary tract – germicidal
Marshmallow Tea – cleanses kidneys
Goldenrod tea, juniper berries, stinging nettle, parsley, red clover, watermelon seed tea are all good for kidney disease.
Monday, May 17, 2010
Sunday, May 16, 2010
Rowatinex - Pharmancy recommended this against Kidney stones
The value of Rowatinex in the treatment of ureterolithiasis.
Mukamel E, Engelstein D, Simon D, Servadio C.
Abstract
A randomized, double-blind study was carried out on forty patients with acute renal colic in order to evaluate the efficacy of Rowatinex in the treatment of patients with ureteric stones. Patients were randomized to Rowatinex and placebo tablets. In the Rowatinex-treated patients there was a significantly higher rate of expulsion of stones which were greater than or equal to 3 mm in diameter when compared with the placebo group (61% vs. 28%, respectively). A higher success rate (spontaneous stone expulsion and/or disappearance of dilatation of the collecting system on IVU) was noted in the Rowatinex group when compared to the placebo group (78% vs. 52%, respectively), although this was not statistically significant. No significant side effects were noted during the treatment with Rowatinex.
PMID: 3549909 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
MAIL ORDER MEDICINE:
http://www.evendi.de/medizin/Produkte/1828089.html
Eliminate Kidney Stones Naturally A natural formula that has been used for years to help dissolve and prevent the reformation of kidney stones.For prophylaxis and treatment of Urolithiasis, Nephrolithiasis, Renal Colic, Dysuria, Oliguria, Urinary Tract Infections, Pre and Postoperative Treatment of Urological Disorders. |
 |
  |
| Ingredients: About Rowa:Rowa has been a trusted name in the pharmaceutical industry since 1959. While the company has German origins, it is actually based in Cork, Ireland. Their Rowatinex and Rowachol products are very effective at dissolving and preventing the reformation of gall stones and kidney stones. |
Friday, May 14, 2010
Cystone (like Liv52 but for Kidney)
http://www.neovital-versand.de/Ayurveda/Cystone-100-Tab::463.html
Cystone, 100 Tab.
24,42 EUR
incl. 19 % UST exkl.Versandkosten
Art.Nr.:100528
Lieferzeit: 2 Wochen
Das Kräuterpräparat Cystone bricht Nieren- und Blasensteine auf.
Als Antiseptikum für die Harnwege wird Cystone auch bei Entzündungen der Nieren und Harnwege eingesetzt.
Die in diesem Mittel enthaltenen Kräuter bewirkten das Aufbrechen von Mucine, der Stoff, der die Bestandteile der Steine zusammenhält.
Cystone erleichtert die Ausleitung von Steingriess und hat diuretische, anti-infektiöse, krampflösende und schmerzlindernde Eigenschaften.
Zusammensetzung:
Didymocarpus pedicellata, Saxifraga ligulata, Rubia cordifolia, Cyperus scariosus, Achyranthes aspera, Onosma bracteatum, Vernonia cinerea,
Shilajit, Hajrul yahood.
Wirkung:
Läßt Nierensteine in kleinere Teile auseinanderfallen, diuretisch, erleichtert die Ausscheidung von Steingrieß mit dem Urin, entspannt das glatte Muskelgewebe des Harnwegssystems, verringert Spasmen der Muskulatur des Harnwegssystems (spasmolytisch), verringert Nierenkolikschmerzen,
wirkt antiseptisch, unterstützt die Ausscheidung von Harmsäure.
Indikationen:
Nierensteine, Blasensteine, Dysurie, Enuresis, Harnweginfektion, uretische Koliken, Glomerulonephritis, Prostatavergrößerung (zur Prävention).
Gegenanzeigen: keine
Sunday, May 9, 2010
Cancer Vaccines APPROVED!!!!
Dendreon Approval Sparks New Era for Cancer Vaccines (Update2)
April 30 (Bloomberg) -- Dendreon Corp. won approval for its only product, the prostate cancer vaccine Provenge, concluding a three-year battle with U.S. regulators to introduce the first therapy to train the body’s immune system to destroy tumors.
Provenge may reap annual sales of $4.3 billion by 2020, said George Farmer, a Canaccord Adams Inc. analyst in New York. Its clearance will also benefit more than a dozen other companies developing drugs in the emerging field of cancer immunotherapy, said Joseph Pantginis, an analyst with Roth Capital Partners in New York.
"This approval represents the first cancer immunotherapy product approved in the U.S. and is truly a landmark event," Pantginis said in a research report yesterday.
Provenge, cleared yesterday for use against advanced prostate tumors, will initially be available at about 50 sites used for clinical trials, and more widely distributed after four plants are cleared for use by mid-2011, Seattle-based Dendreon said in a statement. It will cost $93,000 for a typical three- dose course of treatment, the company said. At least one insurer, WellPoint Inc., said it may not pay for it.
Food and Drug Administration approval of Provenge "will definitely inform the clinical development programs of other companies" working on vaccine treatments for cancer, said Janice Reichert, a senior research fellow at the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development in Boston, in a telephone interview before the decision was announced.
Stimuvax, TroVax
The most advanced of these vaccines include Seattle-based Oncothyreon Inc. and German drugmaker Merck KGaA’s Stimuvax for breast and lung malignancies; ipilimumab from Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. of New York, for melanoma; and British drugmaker Oxford BioMedica Plc’s TroVax for prostate, kidney and colorectal cancers.
WellPoint, based in Indianapolis, will wait for "credible scientific evidence" about the effectiveness and medical necessity of Provenge before deciding whether to pay for the drug, Lori McLaughlin, a company spokeswoman, said in an e-mail.
Provenge will almost certainly be covered by the government’s Medicare insurance plan for the elderly and disabled, said Don McLeod, a Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services spokesman. The agency doesn’t typically make formal determinations on cancer drugs. Instead, it pays claims through the local contractors who administer payments.
‘99.9% Certain’
"It is 99.9 percent certain that we will pay for it if somebody files a claim," McLeod said in an e-mail. The agency has yet to determine how much it will reimburse for the drug, McLeod said. Dendreon said yesterday that it plans to meet with the agency next week.
Dendreon gained $3.88, or 7.7 percent, to $54.06 at 4 p.m. New York time in Nasdaq Stock Market composite trading. The stock has doubled so far this year.
Provenge also boosted the stocks of companies developing similar products for a variety of tumor types. Oncothyreon rose 12 cents, or 3.1 percent, to $4.04 in Nasdaq trading. Celldex Therapeutics Inc., of Needham, Massachusetts, gained 39 cents, or 5 percent, to $8.17.
"As investors will now ask the inevitable question of ‘who’s next?’ we look to sift through multiple companies also targeting a cancer immunotherapy approach and land on Celldex," said Pantginis, the Roth Capital analyst.
Celldex, Pfizer
Celldex is partnered with New York-based Pfizer Inc., the world’s largest drugmaker, on development of CDX-110 for glioblastoma, a common and aggressive form of brain cancer. Celldex will report data in June from the second of three stages of testing generally required for U.S. approval, Pantginis said.
Oncothyreon Chief Executive Officer Robert Kirkman said "we are next in line." The company may have data on Stimuvax by the end of next year, assuming trials halted by regulators last month are allowed to continue, he said in an April 26 telephone interview.
Development on the Oncothyreon treatment was halted last month after a patient in one trial developed a brain infection while on treatment.
Provenge’s approval may spark large drugmakers to invest in development of Oxford’s cancer vaccine TroVax, CEO John Dawson said today in a telephone interview. He may seek FDA clearance of TroVax for colorectal cancer by 2016 with a $40 million trial in about 1,400 patients.
‘Potential Partners’
"This should put things like TroVax back on the radar screen for potential partners," Dawson said.
Dendreon submitted its application with the FDA in November 2006 and, after winning the backing of an advisory panel in 2007, was required to conduct another study to prove the drug worked. With clearance yesterday, Dendreon said the FDA will require it to monitor 1,500 patients given Provenge for increased risk of strokes seen in studies.
More than 27,000 men die of prostate cancer each year in the U.S., according to American Cancer Society.
Provenge helped men whose prostate cancer had spread to other organs live four months longer in the 512-patient study released by the company in April 2009. The company had initially applied for approval based on an earlier study of 127 men that showed the drug improved survival and a second study of 98 men that failed to show a statistically significant benefit.
‘Good Approach’
"Although people have been experimenting with immune therapy for cancer for decades, the good news is we’re finally starting to see some signs that this is a good approach," said Richard Schilsky, the chief of hematology at the University of Chicago and immediate past president of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, in an April 23 telephone interview.
The therapy involves extracting white blood cells from a patient, mixing them with vaccine components and injecting the combination back into the person. Provenge is designed to be given earlier in treatment of the cancer and pose fewer side effects than chemotherapy.
"We will be looking at this as an example," said Massimo Cristofanilli, chairman of the medical oncology department at Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia, in an interview on April 19. "It will set the stage for how we develop studies. It will also drive even more interest in immune therapies."
To contact the reporter on this story: Catherine Larkin in Washington at clarkin4@bloomberg.net.
April 30 (Bloomberg) -- Dendreon Corp. won approval for its only product, the prostate cancer vaccine Provenge, concluding a three-year battle with U.S. regulators to introduce the first therapy to train the body’s immune system to destroy tumors.
Provenge may reap annual sales of $4.3 billion by 2020, said George Farmer, a Canaccord Adams Inc. analyst in New York. Its clearance will also benefit more than a dozen other companies developing drugs in the emerging field of cancer immunotherapy, said Joseph Pantginis, an analyst with Roth Capital Partners in New York.
"This approval represents the first cancer immunotherapy product approved in the U.S. and is truly a landmark event," Pantginis said in a research report yesterday.
Provenge, cleared yesterday for use against advanced prostate tumors, will initially be available at about 50 sites used for clinical trials, and more widely distributed after four plants are cleared for use by mid-2011, Seattle-based Dendreon said in a statement. It will cost $93,000 for a typical three- dose course of treatment, the company said. At least one insurer, WellPoint Inc., said it may not pay for it.
Food and Drug Administration approval of Provenge "will definitely inform the clinical development programs of other companies" working on vaccine treatments for cancer, said Janice Reichert, a senior research fellow at the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development in Boston, in a telephone interview before the decision was announced.
Stimuvax, TroVax
The most advanced of these vaccines include Seattle-based Oncothyreon Inc. and German drugmaker Merck KGaA’s Stimuvax for breast and lung malignancies; ipilimumab from Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. of New York, for melanoma; and British drugmaker Oxford BioMedica Plc’s TroVax for prostate, kidney and colorectal cancers.
WellPoint, based in Indianapolis, will wait for "credible scientific evidence" about the effectiveness and medical necessity of Provenge before deciding whether to pay for the drug, Lori McLaughlin, a company spokeswoman, said in an e-mail.
Provenge will almost certainly be covered by the government’s Medicare insurance plan for the elderly and disabled, said Don McLeod, a Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services spokesman. The agency doesn’t typically make formal determinations on cancer drugs. Instead, it pays claims through the local contractors who administer payments.
‘99.9% Certain’
"It is 99.9 percent certain that we will pay for it if somebody files a claim," McLeod said in an e-mail. The agency has yet to determine how much it will reimburse for the drug, McLeod said. Dendreon said yesterday that it plans to meet with the agency next week.
Dendreon gained $3.88, or 7.7 percent, to $54.06 at 4 p.m. New York time in Nasdaq Stock Market composite trading. The stock has doubled so far this year.
Provenge also boosted the stocks of companies developing similar products for a variety of tumor types. Oncothyreon rose 12 cents, or 3.1 percent, to $4.04 in Nasdaq trading. Celldex Therapeutics Inc., of Needham, Massachusetts, gained 39 cents, or 5 percent, to $8.17.
"As investors will now ask the inevitable question of ‘who’s next?’ we look to sift through multiple companies also targeting a cancer immunotherapy approach and land on Celldex," said Pantginis, the Roth Capital analyst.
Celldex, Pfizer
Celldex is partnered with New York-based Pfizer Inc., the world’s largest drugmaker, on development of CDX-110 for glioblastoma, a common and aggressive form of brain cancer. Celldex will report data in June from the second of three stages of testing generally required for U.S. approval, Pantginis said.
Oncothyreon Chief Executive Officer Robert Kirkman said "we are next in line." The company may have data on Stimuvax by the end of next year, assuming trials halted by regulators last month are allowed to continue, he said in an April 26 telephone interview.
Development on the Oncothyreon treatment was halted last month after a patient in one trial developed a brain infection while on treatment.
Provenge’s approval may spark large drugmakers to invest in development of Oxford’s cancer vaccine TroVax, CEO John Dawson said today in a telephone interview. He may seek FDA clearance of TroVax for colorectal cancer by 2016 with a $40 million trial in about 1,400 patients.
‘Potential Partners’
"This should put things like TroVax back on the radar screen for potential partners," Dawson said.
Dendreon submitted its application with the FDA in November 2006 and, after winning the backing of an advisory panel in 2007, was required to conduct another study to prove the drug worked. With clearance yesterday, Dendreon said the FDA will require it to monitor 1,500 patients given Provenge for increased risk of strokes seen in studies.
More than 27,000 men die of prostate cancer each year in the U.S., according to American Cancer Society.
Provenge helped men whose prostate cancer had spread to other organs live four months longer in the 512-patient study released by the company in April 2009. The company had initially applied for approval based on an earlier study of 127 men that showed the drug improved survival and a second study of 98 men that failed to show a statistically significant benefit.
‘Good Approach’
"Although people have been experimenting with immune therapy for cancer for decades, the good news is we’re finally starting to see some signs that this is a good approach," said Richard Schilsky, the chief of hematology at the University of Chicago and immediate past president of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, in an April 23 telephone interview.
The therapy involves extracting white blood cells from a patient, mixing them with vaccine components and injecting the combination back into the person. Provenge is designed to be given earlier in treatment of the cancer and pose fewer side effects than chemotherapy.
"We will be looking at this as an example," said Massimo Cristofanilli, chairman of the medical oncology department at Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia, in an interview on April 19. "It will set the stage for how we develop studies. It will also drive even more interest in immune therapies."
To contact the reporter on this story: Catherine Larkin in Washington at clarkin4@bloomberg.net.
Monday, April 26, 2010
Cancer immunotherapy GOOD INFO (wikipedia apr2010)
Cancer
Cancer immunotherapy attempts to stimulate the immune
system to reject and destroy tumors. Immuno cell therapy
for cancer was first introduced by Rosenberg and his
colleagues of National Institute of Health USA. In the
late 80s, they published an article in which they reported
a low tumor regression rate (2.6-3.3%) in 1205 patients
with metastatic cancer who underwent different types of
active specific immunotherapy (ASI), and suggested that
Immuno Cell Therapy with specific chemotherapy is the
future of cancer Immunotherapy . In the beginning
Immunotherapy treatments involved administration of
cytokines such as Interleukin with an aim of inducing the
lymphocytes which will carry their activity of destroying
the tumor cells. Thereafter the adverse effects of such
intravenously administered cytokines lead to the
extraction of the lymphocytes from the blood and
culture-expand them in the lab and then to inject the
cells alone enable them destroy the cancer cells .
Though the concept of this treatment started in the US in
80s, fully fledged clinical treatments on a routine basis
have been in practice in Japan since 1990. Randomized
controlled studies in different cancers with significant
increase in survival and disease free period have been
reported and its efficacy is enhanced by 20 - 30% when
cell based immunotherapy is combined with other
conventional treatment methods.
BCG immunotherapy for early stage (non-invasive) bladder
cancer utilizes instillation of attenuated live bacteria
into the bladder, and is effective in preventing
recurrence in up to two thirds of cases. Topical
immunotherapy utilizes an immune enhancement cream
(imiquimod) which is an interferon producer causing the
patients own killer T cells to destroy warts,, actinic
keratoses, basal cell cancer, vaginal intraepithelial
neoplasia., squamous cell cancer, cutaneous lymphoma, and
superficial malignant melanoma. Injection immunotherapy
uses mumps, candida the HPV vaccine, or trichophytin
antigen injections to treat warts (HPV induced tumors).
Lung cancer has been demonstrated to potentially respond
to immunotherapy.
In many parts of Asia, Medicinal mushrooms are thought to
be able to boost the immune system naturally. Cellular and
animal research has shown that Agaricus blazei may
stimulate immune system cells and the production of
interferons and interleukins (reviewed by G. Hetland).
Mushroom isolates like PSK also are used to increase
immune system parameters (reviewed by Kobayashi). Used in
conjunction with chemotherapy, PSK has increased the
survival time of cancer patients in randomized, control
studies, with a variety of cancer types.
Autologous Immune Enhancement Therapy (AIET)
In the multipronged approach to treat CANCER, one very
useful latest weapon would be AIET which is in clinical
practice in Japan since 90s for more than 15 years with
good effectiveness and several clinical trials and
researches are reported from institutions all over the
world including from the US. AIET is a treatment method in
which some immune cells are taken out of a patient's body
which are cultured and processed to be activated or to
acquire additional functions until their resistance to
cancer is strengthened, then the cells are put back in the
body. Researchers have found that the thus activated
immune system might also be able to determine the
difference between healthy cells and cancer cells to
eliminate the cancer cells from the body. In AIET,
specific type of cells mainly the NK cells and T
lymphocytes are isolated from the peripheral blood of the
cancer patients (during remission in patients who undergo
chemotherapy) by proven methods, expanded to 25 - 30 fold
and activated and then reinfused back into the patient’s
body. These cells act against the cancer cells effectively
and recharge the immune system. Upon encountering a tumor
cell, the activated NK cell attaches to the membrane of
the cancer cell and injects toxic granules which dissolve
the target cell. In less than five minutes, the cancer
cell dies and the NK cell moves on to its next target
cancer cell. A single NK cell can destroy up to 27 cancer
cells before its lifespan. This is the mechanism by which
AIET is effective in Cancer therapy.
Dendritic cell based immunotherapy
This utilizes dendritic cells to activate a cytotoxic
response towards an antigen. Dendritic cells, a type of
antigen presenting cell, are harvested from a patient.
These cells are then either pulsed with an antigen or
transfected with a viral vector. The activated dendritic
cells are then placed back into the patient; these cells
then present the antigens to effector lymphocytes (CD4+ T
cells, CD8+ T cells, and in specialized dendritic cells, B
cells also). This initiates a cytotoxic response to occur
against these antigens and anything that may present these
antigens. One use for this therapy is in cancer
immunotherapy. Tumor Antigens are presented to dendritic
cells, which cause the immune system to target these
antigens, which are often expressed on cancerous cells.
The Dendreon product candidate Provenge is one example of
this approach. T cell based adoptive immunotherapy
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using autologous
tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is an effective treatment
for patients with metastatic melanoma; this is based on
adoptive immunity.
Adoptive cell transfer, or "ACT," uses T cell-based
cytotoxic responses to attack cancer. T cells that have a
natural or genetically engineered reactivity to a
patient's cancer are expanded, made more effective, in
vitro using a variety of means and then adoptively
transferred into a cancer patient.
For example, T cells with a naturally occurring reactivity
to a patient’s cancer can be found infiltrated in the
patient's own tumors. The tumor can be harvested, and
these tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can then be
expanded, or made more effective, in vitro using high
concentrations of interluekin-2 (IL-2), anti-CD3 and
allo-reactive feeders. These T cells can then be
transferred back into the patient along with exogenous
administration of IL-2 to further boost their activity.
Thus far, a 51% objective response rate has been observed;
and in some patients, tumors shrank to undetectable size.
The initial studies of adoptive cell transfer using TIL,
however, revealed that persistence of the transferred
cells in vivo was too short. Before reinfusion,
lymphodepletion of the recipient is required to eliminate
regulatory T cells as well as normal endogenous
lymphocytes that compete with the transferred cells for
homeostatic cytokines. Prior lymphodepletion to transfer
of the expanded TIL was made by total body irradiation.
The trend for increasing survival as a function of
increasing lymphodepletion was highly significant
(P=0.007). Transferred cells expanded in vivo and
persisted in the peripheral blood in many patients,
sometimes achieving levels of 75% of all CD8+ T cells at
6-12 months after infusion.
Morgan et al. (2006) demonstrated that the adoptive cell
transfer of lymphocytes transduced with retrovirus
encoding T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize a cancer
antigen can mediate anti-tumor responses in patients with
metastatic melanomas.
In such T cell genetic engineering, TCRs that have been
identified to have reactivity against tumor-associated
antigens are cloned into a replication-incompetent virus
that is capable of genomic integration. A patient's own
lymphocytes are exposed to these viruses and then expanded
non-specifically or stimulated using the engineered TCR.
The cells are then transferred back into the patient. This
therapy has been demonstrated to result in objective
clinical responses in patients with refractory stage IV
cancer. The Surgery Branch of the National Cancer
Institute (Bethesda, Maryland) is actively investigating
this form of cancer treatment for patients suffering
aggressive melanomas.
Combination of ACT with such genetic engineering of T
cells has opened possibilities for the extension of ACT
immunotherapy to patients with a wide variety of cancer
types and is a promising new approach to cancer treatment.
In June 2008, it was announced that US doctors from the
Clinical Research Division led by Dr. Cassian Yee at Fred
Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle had
successfully treated a patient with advanced skin cancer
by injecting the patient with immune cells cloned from his
own immune system. The patient was free from tumours
within eight weeks of treatment. Dr. Cassian Yee described
the research findings at The Cancer Research Institute
International 2008 Symposia Series. . Responses, however,
were not seen in other patients in this clinical trial.
Larger trials are now under way.
Cancer immunotherapy attempts to stimulate the immune
system to reject and destroy tumors. Immuno cell therapy
for cancer was first introduced by Rosenberg and his
colleagues of National Institute of Health USA. In the
late 80s, they published an article in which they reported
a low tumor regression rate (2.6-3.3%) in 1205 patients
with metastatic cancer who underwent different types of
active specific immunotherapy (ASI), and suggested that
Immuno Cell Therapy with specific chemotherapy is the
future of cancer Immunotherapy . In the beginning
Immunotherapy treatments involved administration of
cytokines such as Interleukin with an aim of inducing the
lymphocytes which will carry their activity of destroying
the tumor cells. Thereafter the adverse effects of such
intravenously administered cytokines lead to the
extraction of the lymphocytes from the blood and
culture-expand them in the lab and then to inject the
cells alone enable them destroy the cancer cells .
Though the concept of this treatment started in the US in
80s, fully fledged clinical treatments on a routine basis
have been in practice in Japan since 1990. Randomized
controlled studies in different cancers with significant
increase in survival and disease free period have been
reported and its efficacy is enhanced by 20 - 30% when
cell based immunotherapy is combined with other
conventional treatment methods.
BCG immunotherapy for early stage (non-invasive) bladder
cancer utilizes instillation of attenuated live bacteria
into the bladder, and is effective in preventing
recurrence in up to two thirds of cases. Topical
immunotherapy utilizes an immune enhancement cream
(imiquimod) which is an interferon producer causing the
patients own killer T cells to destroy warts,, actinic
keratoses, basal cell cancer, vaginal intraepithelial
neoplasia., squamous cell cancer, cutaneous lymphoma, and
superficial malignant melanoma. Injection immunotherapy
uses mumps, candida the HPV vaccine, or trichophytin
antigen injections to treat warts (HPV induced tumors).
Lung cancer has been demonstrated to potentially respond
to immunotherapy.
In many parts of Asia, Medicinal mushrooms are thought to
be able to boost the immune system naturally. Cellular and
animal research has shown that Agaricus blazei may
stimulate immune system cells and the production of
interferons and interleukins (reviewed by G. Hetland).
Mushroom isolates like PSK also are used to increase
immune system parameters (reviewed by Kobayashi). Used in
conjunction with chemotherapy, PSK has increased the
survival time of cancer patients in randomized, control
studies, with a variety of cancer types.
Autologous Immune Enhancement Therapy (AIET)
In the multipronged approach to treat CANCER, one very
useful latest weapon would be AIET which is in clinical
practice in Japan since 90s for more than 15 years with
good effectiveness and several clinical trials and
researches are reported from institutions all over the
world including from the US. AIET is a treatment method in
which some immune cells are taken out of a patient's body
which are cultured and processed to be activated or to
acquire additional functions until their resistance to
cancer is strengthened, then the cells are put back in the
body. Researchers have found that the thus activated
immune system might also be able to determine the
difference between healthy cells and cancer cells to
eliminate the cancer cells from the body. In AIET,
specific type of cells mainly the NK cells and T
lymphocytes are isolated from the peripheral blood of the
cancer patients (during remission in patients who undergo
chemotherapy) by proven methods, expanded to 25 - 30 fold
and activated and then reinfused back into the patient’s
body. These cells act against the cancer cells effectively
and recharge the immune system. Upon encountering a tumor
cell, the activated NK cell attaches to the membrane of
the cancer cell and injects toxic granules which dissolve
the target cell. In less than five minutes, the cancer
cell dies and the NK cell moves on to its next target
cancer cell. A single NK cell can destroy up to 27 cancer
cells before its lifespan. This is the mechanism by which
AIET is effective in Cancer therapy.
Dendritic cell based immunotherapy
This utilizes dendritic cells to activate a cytotoxic
response towards an antigen. Dendritic cells, a type of
antigen presenting cell, are harvested from a patient.
These cells are then either pulsed with an antigen or
transfected with a viral vector. The activated dendritic
cells are then placed back into the patient; these cells
then present the antigens to effector lymphocytes (CD4+ T
cells, CD8+ T cells, and in specialized dendritic cells, B
cells also). This initiates a cytotoxic response to occur
against these antigens and anything that may present these
antigens. One use for this therapy is in cancer
immunotherapy. Tumor Antigens are presented to dendritic
cells, which cause the immune system to target these
antigens, which are often expressed on cancerous cells.
The Dendreon product candidate Provenge is one example of
this approach. T cell based adoptive immunotherapy
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using autologous
tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is an effective treatment
for patients with metastatic melanoma; this is based on
adoptive immunity.
Adoptive cell transfer, or "ACT," uses T cell-based
cytotoxic responses to attack cancer. T cells that have a
natural or genetically engineered reactivity to a
patient's cancer are expanded, made more effective, in
vitro using a variety of means and then adoptively
transferred into a cancer patient.
For example, T cells with a naturally occurring reactivity
to a patient’s cancer can be found infiltrated in the
patient's own tumors. The tumor can be harvested, and
these tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can then be
expanded, or made more effective, in vitro using high
concentrations of interluekin-2 (IL-2), anti-CD3 and
allo-reactive feeders. These T cells can then be
transferred back into the patient along with exogenous
administration of IL-2 to further boost their activity.
Thus far, a 51% objective response rate has been observed;
and in some patients, tumors shrank to undetectable size.
The initial studies of adoptive cell transfer using TIL,
however, revealed that persistence of the transferred
cells in vivo was too short. Before reinfusion,
lymphodepletion of the recipient is required to eliminate
regulatory T cells as well as normal endogenous
lymphocytes that compete with the transferred cells for
homeostatic cytokines. Prior lymphodepletion to transfer
of the expanded TIL was made by total body irradiation.
The trend for increasing survival as a function of
increasing lymphodepletion was highly significant
(P=0.007). Transferred cells expanded in vivo and
persisted in the peripheral blood in many patients,
sometimes achieving levels of 75% of all CD8+ T cells at
6-12 months after infusion.
Morgan et al. (2006) demonstrated that the adoptive cell
transfer of lymphocytes transduced with retrovirus
encoding T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize a cancer
antigen can mediate anti-tumor responses in patients with
metastatic melanomas.
In such T cell genetic engineering, TCRs that have been
identified to have reactivity against tumor-associated
antigens are cloned into a replication-incompetent virus
that is capable of genomic integration. A patient's own
lymphocytes are exposed to these viruses and then expanded
non-specifically or stimulated using the engineered TCR.
The cells are then transferred back into the patient. This
therapy has been demonstrated to result in objective
clinical responses in patients with refractory stage IV
cancer. The Surgery Branch of the National Cancer
Institute (Bethesda, Maryland) is actively investigating
this form of cancer treatment for patients suffering
aggressive melanomas.
Combination of ACT with such genetic engineering of T
cells has opened possibilities for the extension of ACT
immunotherapy to patients with a wide variety of cancer
types and is a promising new approach to cancer treatment.
In June 2008, it was announced that US doctors from the
Clinical Research Division led by Dr. Cassian Yee at Fred
Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle had
successfully treated a patient with advanced skin cancer
by injecting the patient with immune cells cloned from his
own immune system. The patient was free from tumours
within eight weeks of treatment. Dr. Cassian Yee described
the research findings at The Cancer Research Institute
International 2008 Symposia Series. . Responses, however,
were not seen in other patients in this clinical trial.
Larger trials are now under way.
18 patients treated with vaccines for RENAL CANCER
Renal cell carcinoma treated by vaccines for active
specific immunotherapy: correlation of survival with skin
testing by autologous tumor cells.
McCune CS, O'Donnell RW, Marquis DM, Sahasrabudhe DM.
University of Rochester Cancer Center, University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York
14642. Abstract
Eighteen patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma,
who were treated by vaccines for active specific
immunotherapy, also completed skin testing with autologous
tumor cells, both prior to and following vaccine
treatment. All patients have now been followed for more
than 5 years. Ten patients who remained skin-test-negative
following treatment had no clinical responses, and all had
expired by 22 months. Eight patients became
skin-test-positive; three of these had clinical
regressions and three remain alive after more than 69
months. The survival times of the skin-test-positive group
were significantly superior to those of the
skin-test-negative group. The results suggest that skin
testing with autologous tumor cells may accurately
identify those patients who have acquired antigen-specific
cell-mediated antitumor immunity.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2289200
specific immunotherapy: correlation of survival with skin
testing by autologous tumor cells.
McCune CS, O'Donnell RW, Marquis DM, Sahasrabudhe DM.
University of Rochester Cancer Center, University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York
14642. Abstract
Eighteen patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma,
who were treated by vaccines for active specific
immunotherapy, also completed skin testing with autologous
tumor cells, both prior to and following vaccine
treatment. All patients have now been followed for more
than 5 years. Ten patients who remained skin-test-negative
following treatment had no clinical responses, and all had
expired by 22 months. Eight patients became
skin-test-positive; three of these had clinical
regressions and three remain alive after more than 69
months. The survival times of the skin-test-positive group
were significantly superior to those of the
skin-test-negative group. The results suggest that skin
testing with autologous tumor cells may accurately
identify those patients who have acquired antigen-specific
cell-mediated antitumor immunity.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2289200
Cancer immunotherapy ASI - active specific immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy attempts to stimulate the immune
system to reject and destroy tumors. Immuno cell therapy
for cancer was first introduced by Rosenberg and his
colleagues of National Institute of Health USA. In the
late 80s, they published an article in which they reported
a low tumor regression rate (2.6-3.3%) in 1205 patients
with metastatic cancer who underwent different types of
active specific immunotherapy (ASI), and suggested that
Immuno Cell Therapy with specific chemotherapy is the
future of cancer Immunotherapy. In the beginning
Immunotherapy treatments involved administration of
cytokines such as Interleukin with an aim of inducing
the lymphocytes which will carry their activity of
destroying the tumor cells. Thereafter the adverse effects
of such intravenously administered cytokines lead to
the extraction of the lymphocytes from the blood and
culture-expand them in the lab and then to inject the
cells alone enable them destroy the cancer cells .
Though the concept of this treatment started in the US in
80s, fully fledged clinical treatments on a routine basis
have been in practice in Japan since 1990. Randomized
controlled studies in different cancers with significant
increase in survival and disease free period have been
reported and its efficacy is enhanced by
20 -- 30% when cell based immunotherapy is combined with
other conventional treatment methods.
BCG immunotherapy for early stage (non-invasive)
bladder cancer utilizes instillation of attenuated live
bacteria into the bladder, and is effective in preventing
recurrence in up to two thirds of cases. Topical
immunotherapy utilizes an immune enhancement cream
(imiquimod) which is an interferon producer causing the
patients own killer T cells to destroy warts,, actinic
keratoses, basal cell cancer, vaginal intraepithelial
neoplasia., squamous cell cancer, cutaneous
lymphoma, and superficial malignant melanoma.
Injection immunotherapy uses mumps, candida the HPV
vaccine, or trichophytin antigen injections to
treat warts (HPV induced tumors). Lung cancer has been
demonstrated to potentially respond to immunotherapy.
In many parts of Asia, Medicinal mushrooms are thought to
be able to boost the immune system naturally. Cellular and
animal research has shown that Agaricus blazei may
stimulate immune system cells and the production of
interferons and interleukins (reviewed by G. Hetland).
Mushroom isolates like PSK also are used to increase
immune system parameters (reviewed by Kobayashi). Used
in conjunction with chemotherapy, PSK has increased the
survival time of cancer patients in randomized, control
studies, with a variety of cancer types.
Autologous Immune Enhancement Therapy (AIET)
In the multipronged approach to treat CANCER, one very
useful latest weapon would be AIET which is in clinical
practice in Japan since 90s for more than 15 years with
good effectiveness and several clinical trials and
researches are reported from institutions all over the
world including from the US. AIET is a treatment method in
which some immune cells are taken out of a patient's body
which are cultured and processed to be activated or to
acquire additional functions until their resistance to
cancer is strengthened, then the cells are put back in the
body. Researchers have found that the thus activated
immune system might also be able to determine the
difference between healthy cells and cancer cells to
eliminate the cancer cells from the body. In AIET,
specific type of cells mainly the NK cells and T
lymphocytes are isolated from the peripheral blood of the
cancer patients (during remission in patients who undergo
chemotherapy) by proven methods, expanded to 25 – 30 fold
and activated and then reinfused back into the patient’s
body. These cells act against the cancer cells effectively
and recharge the immune system. Upon encountering a tumor
cell, the activated NK cell attaches to the membrane of
the cancer cell and injects toxic granules which dissolve
the target cell. In less than five minutes, the cancer
cell dies and the NK cell moves on to its next target
cancer cell. A single NK cell can destroy up to 27 cancer
cells before its lifespan. This is the mechanism by which
AIET is effective in Cancer therapy.
This utilizes dendritic cells to activate a cytotoxic
response towards an antigen. Dendritic cells, a type of
antigen presenting cell, are harvested from a patient.
These cells are then either pulsed with an antigen or
transfected with a viral vector. The activated dendritic
cells are then placed back into the patient; these cells
then present the antigens to effector lymphocytes (CD4+ T
cells, CD8+ T cells, and in specialized dendritic cells, B
cells also). This initiates a cytotoxic response to occur
against these antigens and anything that may present these
antigens. One use for this therapy is in cancer
immunotherapy. Tumor Antigens are presented to dendritic
cells, which cause the immune system to target these
antigens, which are often expressed on cancerous
cells. The Dendreon product candidate Provenge is one
example of this approach.
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using autologous
tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is an effective treatment
for patients with metastatic melanoma; this is based
on adoptive immunity.
Adoptive cell transfer, or "ACT," uses T cell-based
cytotoxic responses to attack cancer. T cells that have a
natural or genetically engineered reactivity to a
patient's cancer are expanded, made more effective, in
vitro using a variety of means and then adoptively
transferred into a cancer patient.
For example, T cells with a naturally occurring reactivity
to a patient’s cancer can be found infiltrated in the
patient's own tumors. The tumor can be harvested, and
these tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can then be
expanded, or made more effective, in vitro using high
concentrations of interluekin-2 (IL-2), anti-CD3 and
allo-reactive feeders. These T cells can then be
transferred back into the patient along with exogenous
administration of IL-2 to further boost their activity.
Thus far, a 51% objective response rate has been observed;
and in some patients, tumors shrank to undetectable
size.
The initial studies of adoptive cell transfer using TIL,
however, revealed that persistence of the transferred
cells in vivo was too short. Before reinfusion,
lymphodepletion of the recipient is required to eliminate
regulatory T cells as well as normal endogenous
lymphocytes that compete with the transferred cells for
homeostatic cytokines. Prior
lymphodepletion to transfer of the expanded TIL was made
by total body irradiation. The trend for increasing
survival as a function of increasing lymphodepletion was
highly significant (P=0.007). Transferred cells
expanded in vivo and persisted in the peripheral blood in
many patients, sometimes achieving levels of 75% of all
CD8+ T cells at 6-12 months after infusion.
Morgan et al. (2006) demonstrated that the adoptive
cell transfer of lymphocytes transduced with retrovirus
encoding T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize a cancer
antigen can mediate anti-tumor responses in patients with
metastatic melanomas.
In such T cell genetic engineering, TCRs that have been
identified to have reactivity against tumor-associated
antigens are cloned into a replication-incompetent virus
that is capable of genomic integration. A patient's own
lymphocytes are exposed to these viruses and then expanded
non-specifically or stimulated using the engineered TCR.
The cells are then transferred back into the patient. This
therapy has been demonstrated to result in objective
clinical responses in patients with refractory stage IV
cancer. The Surgery Branch of the National Cancer
Institute (Bethesda, Maryland) is actively investigating
this form of cancer treatment for patients suffering
aggressive melanomas.
Combination of ACT with such genetic engineering of T
cells has opened possibilities for the extension of ACT
immunotherapy to patients with a wide variety of cancer
types and is a promising new approach to cancer
treatment.
In June 2008, it was announced that US doctors from the
Clinical Research Division led by Dr. Cassian Yee at Fred
Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle had
successfully treated a patient with advanced skin cancer
by injecting the patient with immune cells cloned from his
own immune system. The patient was free from tumours
within eight weeks of treatment. Dr. Cassian Yee described
the research findings at The Cancer Research Institute
International 2008 Symposia Series. . Responses,
however, were not seen in other patients in this clinical
trial.
Larger trials are now under way.
system to reject and destroy tumors. Immuno cell therapy
for cancer was first introduced by Rosenberg and his
colleagues of National Institute of Health USA. In the
late 80s, they published an article in which they reported
a low tumor regression rate (2.6-3.3%) in 1205 patients
with metastatic cancer who underwent different types of
active specific immunotherapy (ASI), and suggested that
Immuno Cell Therapy with specific chemotherapy is the
future of cancer Immunotherapy. In the beginning
Immunotherapy treatments involved administration of
cytokines such as Interleukin with an aim of inducing
the lymphocytes which will carry their activity of
destroying the tumor cells. Thereafter the adverse effects
of such intravenously administered cytokines lead to
the extraction of the lymphocytes from the blood and
culture-expand them in the lab and then to inject the
cells alone enable them destroy the cancer cells .
Though the concept of this treatment started in the US in
80s, fully fledged clinical treatments on a routine basis
have been in practice in Japan since 1990. Randomized
controlled studies in different cancers with significant
increase in survival and disease free period have been
reported and its efficacy is enhanced by
20 -- 30% when cell based immunotherapy is combined with
other conventional treatment methods.
BCG immunotherapy for early stage (non-invasive)
bladder cancer utilizes instillation of attenuated live
bacteria into the bladder, and is effective in preventing
recurrence in up to two thirds of cases. Topical
immunotherapy utilizes an immune enhancement cream
(imiquimod) which is an interferon producer causing the
patients own killer T cells to destroy warts,, actinic
keratoses, basal cell cancer, vaginal intraepithelial
neoplasia., squamous cell cancer, cutaneous
lymphoma, and superficial malignant melanoma.
Injection immunotherapy uses mumps, candida the HPV
vaccine, or trichophytin antigen injections to
treat warts (HPV induced tumors). Lung cancer has been
demonstrated to potentially respond to immunotherapy.
In many parts of Asia, Medicinal mushrooms are thought to
be able to boost the immune system naturally. Cellular and
animal research has shown that Agaricus blazei may
stimulate immune system cells and the production of
interferons and interleukins (reviewed by G. Hetland).
Mushroom isolates like PSK also are used to increase
immune system parameters (reviewed by Kobayashi). Used
in conjunction with chemotherapy, PSK has increased the
survival time of cancer patients in randomized, control
studies, with a variety of cancer types.
Autologous Immune Enhancement Therapy (AIET)
In the multipronged approach to treat CANCER, one very
useful latest weapon would be AIET which is in clinical
practice in Japan since 90s for more than 15 years with
good effectiveness and several clinical trials and
researches are reported from institutions all over the
world including from the US. AIET is a treatment method in
which some immune cells are taken out of a patient's body
which are cultured and processed to be activated or to
acquire additional functions until their resistance to
cancer is strengthened, then the cells are put back in the
body. Researchers have found that the thus activated
immune system might also be able to determine the
difference between healthy cells and cancer cells to
eliminate the cancer cells from the body. In AIET,
specific type of cells mainly the NK cells and T
lymphocytes are isolated from the peripheral blood of the
cancer patients (during remission in patients who undergo
chemotherapy) by proven methods, expanded to 25 – 30 fold
and activated and then reinfused back into the patient’s
body. These cells act against the cancer cells effectively
and recharge the immune system. Upon encountering a tumor
cell, the activated NK cell attaches to the membrane of
the cancer cell and injects toxic granules which dissolve
the target cell. In less than five minutes, the cancer
cell dies and the NK cell moves on to its next target
cancer cell. A single NK cell can destroy up to 27 cancer
cells before its lifespan. This is the mechanism by which
AIET is effective in Cancer therapy.
This utilizes dendritic cells to activate a cytotoxic
response towards an antigen. Dendritic cells, a type of
antigen presenting cell, are harvested from a patient.
These cells are then either pulsed with an antigen or
transfected with a viral vector. The activated dendritic
cells are then placed back into the patient; these cells
then present the antigens to effector lymphocytes (CD4+ T
cells, CD8+ T cells, and in specialized dendritic cells, B
cells also). This initiates a cytotoxic response to occur
against these antigens and anything that may present these
antigens. One use for this therapy is in cancer
immunotherapy. Tumor Antigens are presented to dendritic
cells, which cause the immune system to target these
antigens, which are often expressed on cancerous
cells. The Dendreon product candidate Provenge is one
example of this approach.
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using autologous
tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is an effective treatment
for patients with metastatic melanoma; this is based
on adoptive immunity.
Adoptive cell transfer, or "ACT," uses T cell-based
cytotoxic responses to attack cancer. T cells that have a
natural or genetically engineered reactivity to a
patient's cancer are expanded, made more effective, in
vitro using a variety of means and then adoptively
transferred into a cancer patient.
For example, T cells with a naturally occurring reactivity
to a patient’s cancer can be found infiltrated in the
patient's own tumors. The tumor can be harvested, and
these tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can then be
expanded, or made more effective, in vitro using high
concentrations of interluekin-2 (IL-2), anti-CD3 and
allo-reactive feeders. These T cells can then be
transferred back into the patient along with exogenous
administration of IL-2 to further boost their activity.
Thus far, a 51% objective response rate has been observed;
and in some patients, tumors shrank to undetectable
size.
The initial studies of adoptive cell transfer using TIL,
however, revealed that persistence of the transferred
cells in vivo was too short. Before reinfusion,
lymphodepletion of the recipient is required to eliminate
regulatory T cells as well as normal endogenous
lymphocytes that compete with the transferred cells for
homeostatic cytokines. Prior
lymphodepletion to transfer of the expanded TIL was made
by total body irradiation. The trend for increasing
survival as a function of increasing lymphodepletion was
highly significant (P=0.007). Transferred cells
expanded in vivo and persisted in the peripheral blood in
many patients, sometimes achieving levels of 75% of all
CD8+ T cells at 6-12 months after infusion.
Morgan et al. (2006) demonstrated that the adoptive
cell transfer of lymphocytes transduced with retrovirus
encoding T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize a cancer
antigen can mediate anti-tumor responses in patients with
metastatic melanomas.
In such T cell genetic engineering, TCRs that have been
identified to have reactivity against tumor-associated
antigens are cloned into a replication-incompetent virus
that is capable of genomic integration. A patient's own
lymphocytes are exposed to these viruses and then expanded
non-specifically or stimulated using the engineered TCR.
The cells are then transferred back into the patient. This
therapy has been demonstrated to result in objective
clinical responses in patients with refractory stage IV
cancer. The Surgery Branch of the National Cancer
Institute (Bethesda, Maryland) is actively investigating
this form of cancer treatment for patients suffering
aggressive melanomas.
Combination of ACT with such genetic engineering of T
cells has opened possibilities for the extension of ACT
immunotherapy to patients with a wide variety of cancer
types and is a promising new approach to cancer
treatment.
In June 2008, it was announced that US doctors from the
Clinical Research Division led by Dr. Cassian Yee at Fred
Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle had
successfully treated a patient with advanced skin cancer
by injecting the patient with immune cells cloned from his
own immune system. The patient was free from tumours
within eight weeks of treatment. Dr. Cassian Yee described
the research findings at The Cancer Research Institute
International 2008 Symposia Series. . Responses,
however, were not seen in other patients in this clinical
trial.
Larger trials are now under way.
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